Toxic Shock Syndrome

Toxic shock syndrome is a potentially fatal condition that is caused by the toxins released by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Although most commonly associated with tampons use in women, it can affect any person who has an MRSA infection. The onset of toxic shock syndrome symptoms is usually sudden, according to the doctors at the Mayo Clinic.

The symptoms of toxic shock syndrome include a sudden high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches, headache and a rash that appears similar to sunburn. These symptoms can quickly progress to confusion, low blood pressure and seizures. The combination of low blood pressure and the toxins produced by the MRSA can cause kidney failure.

Septic Shock

Septic shock is a condition that can occur in response to the body’s inflammatory response to the toxins released by the MRSA. This inflammatory response can damage organs, including the brain, heart, kidney, liver and intestines. Symptoms of septic shock include a high or low body temperature, chills, lightheadedness and low blood pressure. In addition the patient’s hands and feet may appear pale and feel cool due to the body redirecting the blood flow away from the extremities and to the internal organs to try to prevent damage. Septic shock can result in cardiac failure, respiratory failure or death.

Bacteremia

Bacteremia, also known as blood poisoning, is similar to septic shock except that, according to Dr. Chamberlain at the Kirksville College of Osteopathic medicine, septic shock can occur without bacteremia. Bacteremia is the presence of living bacteria in the liquid portion of the blood. If it results in sepsis (the illness that occurs when the level of bacteria in the bloodstream is high), it can cause chills, fever, lightheadedness, rash, shaking, rapid heartbeat, decreased urine volume and delirium. The National Institute of Health reports that sepsis is fatal in up to 60 percent of patients with underlying medical conditions.

Serious Metastatic Infections

MRSA can also lead to serious infections involving other organs of the body. Endocarditis is the inflammation of the heart muscle, heart valves or lining of the heart. Endocarditis may cause sweating, chills, aches, fever, fatigue and swelling of the legs or feet. Osteomyelitis, infection of bone matter, causes symptoms of sudden fever, irritability and pain, swelling or redness in the area of the bone affects.

MRSA infections left untreated can also result in pneumonia, lung infection or arthritis. To help prevent this from being untreated read, MRSA Superbug Symptoms to know the symptoms of this infection.

An appeals court on Wednesday ruled that the estate of a local woman suing Martin Memorial Medical Center for allegedly contracting a highly contagious infection while in its care could go forward with a lawsuit filed against the hospital in 2005. In its decision, the 4th District Court of Appeal ruled that a judge in 2009 erred when he threw out a negligence lawsuit filed by Louise Webster, who had claimed that she went into the hospital in May 2002 for surgical repair of her broken ankle but acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA infection in the hospital, causing complications and permanent injury.
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At the beginning stages of MRSA you might and other have mistaken it for just a spider bit; however, the best way to distinguish between the two is if the infected wound is spreading and growing. With a spider bit, after a couple of days it usually doesn’t get any bigger.  With MRSA, it would more likely be growing and looking. But just because the wound isn’t growing don’t disregard it. Be aware of it because their is still a chance of it being MRSA and if all possible get it professional examined by a doctor.

If your not sure, check out the MRSA Symptoms page.

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1. Healthcare Associated (HA)
2. Community Associated (CA)

These two types are referring to where MRSA was contracted from.

Healthcare Associated MRSA (HA-MRSA)

Often called Hospital Acquired MRSA, HA-MRSA is usually picked up from a hospital stay. Until recently, most MRSA cases were contracted in hospital or healthcare environments, like nursing homes and dialysis centers. Hospital patients with open wounds, invasive devices like catheters or IV’s, and weakened immune systems are at greater risk for a HA-MRSA infection than the general public. HA-MRSA is still a big problem for those undergoing hospitalization. Unfortunately, hospital staff that do not follow proper sanitary procedures inadvertently transfer bacteria from patient to patient. Some hospitals screen for MRSA and isolate such patients, but most US hospitals do not yet do this.

If you are visiting a hospital soon, or are going to be an inpatient in a hospital, be sure to learn the facts about MRSA infection, how to protect yourself and your family, and how to control the spread of MRSA in these environments.

Community Associated MRSA (CA-MRSA)

Until recently, hospitals were the most likely places that you would get MRSA. The biggest MRSA health risk right now is Community Associated MRSA. CA-MRSA is an infection that occurs in healthy people who have not been hospitalized within the last year. CA-MRSA also applies to people who acquire MRSA who’ve not had any medical procedure done within the last year in a health-care facility such as dialysis, surgery, or catheters. CA-MRSA is acquired in public places by touching or sharing things that have not been properly cleaned such as:

• shopping carts
• sports equipment
• towels

In places like:

• public pools
• gyms
• public transits
• public telephones
• shopping centers
• etc.

According to the Journal of the American Medical Association (AMA), CA-MRSA has become the most frequent cause of skin and soft tissue infections presenting to emergency departments in the United States. CA-MRSA infections are usually skin infections, such as abscesses, boils, cellulites and other pus-filled lesions.

It is often noted that these resistant forms of MRSA are usually being seen in young people as well as in children. Doctors state that the average age of those infected by such pneumonia is around 17. It has been quite troubling to find that in a recent survey conducted on neck infection in children showed that MRSA infections in children had nearly doubled from a minute 11% in 2001 to over 27% by the end of 2006. The problem with this is that many of the authors state that this is only a 16.3% increase when actually it should read as a 16.3 percentage point increase. This only shows the lack of enthusiasm with which the infection problems have been taken up.

If you suffer from MRSA infection in the nose, the best thing that you can do is to go about building your immune system so that it becomes much stronger. The most important point that has to be remembered is that normally neck infections are not part of the MRSA infections in children, but yet the study conducted showed otherwise implying that the bug is expanding its range.

In general, MRSA superfluities where there are more inhabitants. Although the discovery of MRSA had been made many decades ago, what has been particularly worrying for scientists recently was the fact that a new type of MRSA was discovered that could cause severe soft tissue and major skin infections.

Many people are quite confused with regards to this MRSA and so the internet has been flooded with various articles about MRSA is it contagious or not? Simply put-yes, it is.

There are some definite circumstances which augment the probability of spreading MRSA, and the most common is being situated in a place where there is overcrowding. Usually these include those places that are filled with very low hygiene. Even heavy contact sports are likely to aid in the spreading of this infection and great care should be taken when playing sports such as wrestling or football.

Staph is a test to a person tormented by influenza, but the risks are also much greater in those countries where the MRSA infection is quite drug resistant. Such drug resistant varieties of MRSA are usually being seen in young people as well as in children. Doctors state that the average age of those infected by such pneumonia is around 17. If you are wondering about the possible drugs that are available for treatment of MRSA and pneumonia, then vancomycin, the drug that is used for most of the serious cases of MRSA has a failure rate of around 40%. Studies have also shown that those recovering from a recent flu have a much lower chance of survival as compared to others. After affecting the nose, the virus is capable of reaching the lungs which in turn is quite harmful to the entire human body as a whole. The normal defenses of the human body are shut down as the bacteria takes effect.

The more expensive Linezoli is being considered by many for new strains of MRSA that require much bigger doses. So far there have been many trials that have been produce with varying results on its effects.

In the 1960s, the Methicillin drug was used to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections. However, by 1961, the first case of MRSA was reported leading to conclusions that the bacterium had developed strong immunity towards drugs such as Penicillin, Oxacillin and Amoxacillin making it an indestructible superbug. Since then, the bacterium has claimed thousands of lives with over 19,000 casualties reported in the U.S. alone in the past few years.

While no specific causes are known for this infection, any strain of Staphylococcus aureus bacterium can cause MRSA complications. However, the common mode of contamination has been through physical contact with infected people. Places with low hygiene such as hospitals, prisons, locker rooms and gymnasiums with poor maintenance where people share the space and are susceptible to physical contact with infected people are the breeding ground for all strains of these bacteria. Women who breastfeed their children and patients who are being administered with Quinolones too are susceptible to this infection.

The bacterium enters the human body through open wounds and cuts. However, it can also spread to healthy people through mucus or saliva emitted during cough. Indirect contact with items such as a used towel, cloth etc can also spread the infection.

Though the infection is difficult to find, a common attribute of all Staph infections is that they begin on the surface of the skin. The infection begins as a localized boil or an abscess on the skin which is usually accompanied by swelling, accumulation of pus and pain in the affected region. Once the bacterium enters the blood stream, the symptoms may change to high temperature and a decrease in the blood pressure.

People with a weak immune system such as those suffering from preexisting conditions such as AIDS and Diabetes easily fall prey to this virus. As soon as the bacterium injects itself into the blood, it attacks the already weak immune system and the organ systems. If the infection is discovered in the later stages, chances of a permanent damage to the organ and immune systems are high. In such cases, even if the treatment is successful in avoiding the death of the infected patient, he/ she might be forced to lead a bedridden existence for the rest of the life due to the irreparable internal damage.

At present, the awareness of the infection and its resultant complications is increasing among the general public leading to increased hygiene and maintenance in public places where the bacterium is more rampant.

The first case of a pet being infected with MRSA was reported in 2007. This has proved that these bacteria can be transmitted to humans from pets. Therefore it is safer to practice hygiene by regular hand washing and proper disposal of unclean cloths.

About guest author: Donald Taylor is one of the founders mrsaskininfection.org, a website that provides basic information about MRSA infections. In his free time enjoying family life and small things. Also, you can follow him on twitter.

Should you suffer from such a MRSA infection, it is imperative to take all medicines as instructed; remember to not stop the antibiotics even if the warning signs seem to settle before you finish the agreed amount of dosage. The main problem with this is that if you stop taking the antibiotics for MRSA infection early, there are chances that the MRSA can continue to survive. There are also chances that the surviving MRSA can become resistant to the antibiotics. If early therapeutic health checks do not alleviate or eradicate the symptoms, do not sit around not doing anything as the symptoms could get much worse. Go back to a doctor so that you can be further diagnosed.

In most cases, the antibiotics for MRSA infection would include a couple of intravenous antibiotics that when used together would prove to be very effective against the infection.

• SMZ-TMP DS
• Sulfatrim Pediatric
• Bactrim
• Septra
• Septra DS
• Bactrim DS

These are also quite effective if you have some type of skin infection, then you can go in for mupirocin (Bactroban), but this is provided it has been doctor recommended for you.